Prevention.
The phrase 'prevention is better than cure' is often attributed to the Dutch philosopher Desiderius Erasmus in around 1500. Chinese Hipocratic Corpus constantly make the same point
It is more important to prevent ilness than to cure when it arise ( Liu An)
It is now a fundamental principle of modern health care and inherent within health and social care strategies across the world and existing since centuries in Asia - China, India but many other regions of south hemisphere but very present in countries of Central and Eastern Europe , Scandinavian countries as well given cost-benefit for whole society.
Prevention is about tackling the upstream causes of ill health, this in itself is not controversial.
Avicenna, Arabic Ibn Sīnā, in full Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Sīnā, (born 980, near Bukhara, Iran [now in Uzbekistan]—died 1037, Hamadan, Iran), Muslim physician, the most famous and influential of the philosopher-scientists of the medieval Islamic world.
He was particularly noted for his contributions in the fields of Aristotelian philosophy and medicine.
He composed the Kitāb al-shifāʾ -Book of the Cure.
The word hygiene comes from Hygeia, the Greek goddess of health, who was the daughter of Aesculapius, the god of medicine.
Since the arrival of the Industrial Revolution (c.1750-1850) and the discovery of the germ theory of disease in the second half of the nineteenth century, hygiene and sanitation have been at the forefront of the struggle against illness and disease.
With the Oath the practitioner swore by Apollo, Hygieia, and Panacea to respect their teacher and not to administer poison, abuse patients in any way, use a knife, or break the confidentiality between patient and doctor.
Edward Jenner (1749-1823) had discovered that human beings could be protected against smallpox by inoculating them with the vaccine, a disease generally seen in cattle and identical to smallpox yet harmless in humans. Pasteur developed his method for attenuating microbial virulence for:fowl cholera, through aging in contact with oxygen in the air, leading to development of a vaccine in 1878.
ovine (sheep) anthrax, through the culture of Bacillus anthracis at 43° attenuated by oxygen in the air. ..
By applying his method to the study of infectious diseases (microbial agents), their prevention (asepsis), and their prophylaxis by immunization (vaccination).
Louis Pasteur had founded the science of Immunology and between 1905 and 1918. And Calmette and Guerin carried out research into the mechanisms of tuberculosis infection and BCG - one of most used in world was discovered.
July 2021 marked the hundredth anniversary of the first vaccination of an infant with the BCG vaccine.
Although tuberculosis is still one of the ten leading causes of mortality worldwide, this vaccine, developed at the Institut Pasteur, led to a steep reduction in the number of cases...